%PDF-1.6
%
1 0 obj
<>
endobj
2 0 obj
<>stream
Tammy E. Davies, Graham Epstein, Stacy E. Aguilera, Cassandra M. Brooks, Michael Cox, Louisa S. Evans, Sara M. Maxwell, Mateja Nenadovic, Natalie C. Ban
Assessing trade-offs in large marine protected areas
www.plosone.org
www.plosone.org
endstream
endobj
3 0 obj
<>/XObject<>>>/CropBox[0 0 612 792]/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 8 0 R/Annots 9 0 R/Contents 10 0 R/TrimBox[0 0 612 792]>>
endobj
9 0 obj
[11 0 R 12 0 R 13 0 R 14 0 R 15 0 R 16 0 R 17 0 R 18 0 R 19 0 R 20 0 R 21 0 R 22 0 R 23 0 R 24 0 R 25 0 R 26 0 R 27 0 R 28 0 R 29 0 R 30 0 R 31 0 R 32 0 R 33 0 R 34 0 R 35 0 R 36 0 R 37 0 R 38 0 R 39 0 R 40 0 R]
endobj
11 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0195760.ref002)>>
endobj
12 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0195760.ref002)>>
endobj
13 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0195760.ref003)>>
endobj
14 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0195760.ref003)>>
endobj
15 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0195760.ref002)>>
endobj
16 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0195760.ref004)>>
endobj
17 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0195760.ref005)>>
endobj
18 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0195760.ref006)>>
endobj
19 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0195760.ref007)>>
endobj
20 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0195760.ref007)>>
endobj
21 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0195760.ref010)>>
endobj
22 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0195760.ref011)>>
endobj
23 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0195760.ref012)>>
endobj
24 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0195760.ref013)>>
endobj
25 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0195760.ref014)>>
endobj
26 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0195760.ref012)>>
endobj
27 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0195760.ref015)>>
endobj
28 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0195760.ref017)>>
endobj
29 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0195760.ref002)>>
endobj
30 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0195760.ref013)>>
endobj
31 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0195760.ref018)>>
endobj
32 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0195760.ref019)>>
endobj
33 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0195760.ref020)>>
endobj
34 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0195760.ref021)>>
endobj
35 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0195760.ref022)>>
endobj
36 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0195760.ref023)>>
endobj
37 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0195760.ref024)>>
endobj
38 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0195760.ref025)>>
endobj
39 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0195760.ref026)>>
endobj
40 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/A 41 0 R>>
endobj
41 0 obj
<>
endobj
10 0 obj
[42 0 R 43 0 R 44 0 R 45 0 R 46 0 R 47 0 R 48 0 R 49 0 R 50 0 R 51 0 R 52 0 R 53 0 R 54 0 R 55 0 R 56 0 R 57 0 R 58 0 R 59 0 R 60 0 R 61 0 R 62 0 R 63 0 R 64 0 R]
endobj
42 0 obj
<>stream
q
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
347.4142 667.3323 m
352.1764 667.3323 l
h
f*
379.8425 654.3496 m
384.6047 654.3496 l
h
f*
389.0268 654.3496 m
393.789 654.3496 l
h
f*
398.7213 641.3102 m
403.4835 641.3102 l
h
f*
283.8047 589.3228 m
288.5669 589.3228 l
h
f*
442.6016 563.3008 m
447.3638 563.3008 l
h
f*
285.222 524.2961 m
289.9843 524.2961 l
h
f*
499.4079 524.2961 m
504.1701 524.2961 l
h
f*
369.5244 485.348 m
374.2866 485.348 l
h
f*
220.3654 433.3039 m
225.1276 433.3039 l
h
f*
230.2866 433.3039 m
239.811 433.3039 l
h
f*
563.3575 433.3039 m
572.8819 433.3039 l
h
f*
200.0126 420.3213 m
209.537 420.3213 l
h
f*
203.4142 407.3386 m
212.9386 407.3386 l
h
f*
236.863 381.3165 m
246.3874 381.3165 l
h
f*
496.8 368.3339 m
506.3244 368.3339 l
h
f*
510.8031 368.3339 m
520.2709 368.3339 l
h
f*
525.4866 368.3339 m
534.9543 368.3339 l
h
f*
443.8488 329.3291 m
448.611 329.3291 l
h
f*
348.0945 316.3465 m
357.6189 316.3465 l
h
f*
362.0409 316.3465 m
371.5654 316.3465 l
h
f*
376.0441 316.3465 m
385.5118 316.3465 l
h
f*
285.7323 290.3244 m
295.2567 290.3244 l
h
f*
244.1197 277.3417 m
253.5874 277.3417 l
h
f*
407.3953 277.3417 m
416.9197 277.3417 l
h
f*
526.4504 277.3417 m
535.9748 277.3417 l
h
f*
516.8693 264.3024 m
526.3937 264.3024 l
h
f*
375.3071 251.3197 m
384.8315 251.3197 l
h
f*
403.0299 199.3323 m
412.4976 199.3323 l
h
f*
0 g
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 707.4141 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(areas)Tj
2.245 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0204 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1509 0 Td
(successful)Tj
4.1669 0 Td
(across)Tj
2.6759 0 Td
(all)Tj
1.1452 0 Td
(these)Tj
2.2563 0 Td
(domains.)Tj
3.9062 0 Td
(Although)Tj
4.0081 0 Td
(there)Tj
2.2621 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8503 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(desire)Tj
2.5965 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0205 0 Td
(characterize)Tj
5.0343 0 Td
(pro-)Tj
-34.9906 -1.3039 Td
(tected)Tj
2.6135 0 Td
(areas)Tj
2.245 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(universally)Tj
4.5524 0 Td
(beneficial)Tj
4.0479 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3889 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(environment)Tj
5.4311 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(people)Tj
2.8573 0 Td
(\(i.e.,)Tj
1.9276 0 Td
(win-win\),)Tj
4.9209 0 Td
(conser-)Tj
-34.1969 -1.2982 Td
(vation)Tj
2.7269 0 Td
(initiatives)Tj
4.1102 0 Td
(involving)Tj
3.9798 0 Td
(multiple)Tj
3.566 0 Td
(parties)Tj
2.8913 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(limited)Tj
3.0671 0 Td
(resources)Tj
3.9911 0 Td
(often)Tj
2.2847 0 Td
(involve)Tj
3.1238 0 Td
(trade-offs)Tj
4.0705 0 Td
(as)Tj
-35.5405 -1.2983 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(norm,)Tj
2.6929 0 Td
(rather)Tj
2.6475 0 Td
(than)Tj
2.024 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(exception)Tj
4.0932 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(2)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
1.5987 0 Td
(Trade-offs)Tj
4.3823 0 Td
(can)Tj
1.6271 0 Td
(occur)Tj
2.4718 0 Td
(among)Tj
2.9934 0 Td
(management)Tj
5.4368 0 Td
(objectives,)Tj
-32.91 -1.2983 Td
(ecosystem)Tj
4.2916 0 Td
(services,)Tj
3.5319 0 Td
(stakeholders,)Tj
5.4198 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(values)Tj
2.6702 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(2)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.2585 0 Td
(3)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(involve)Tj
3.1238 0 Td
(gains)Tj
2.6872 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.389 0 Td
(one)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(ecosystem)Tj
4.2916 0 Td
(service)Tj
-34.8545 -1.3039 Td
(or)Tj
1.0941 0 Td
(group)Tj
2.6135 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(people,)Tj
3.0784 0 Td
(resulting)Tj
3.7304 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(losses)Tj
2.4832 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(others)Tj
3.101 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(3)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
1.6044 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(desirability)Tj
4.6431 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(different)Tj
3.6567 0 Td
(objectives,)Tj
-32.2297 -1.2982 Td
(services)Tj
3.3051 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0999 0 Td
(values)Tj
2.6645 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(subjective)Tj
4.1612 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(can)Tj
1.627 0 Td
(vary)Tj
1.9332 0 Td
(with)Tj
2.0013 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(perspective)Tj
4.6998 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(different)Tj
3.6567 0 Td
(stakeholders.)Tj
-30.2114 -1.2983 Td
(Trade-offs)Tj
4.3823 0 Td
(can)Tj
1.6271 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1452 0 Td
(explicit)Tj
3.1294 0 Td
(management)Tj
5.4368 0 Td
(decisions,)Tj
4.1329 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0941 0 Td
(arise)Tj
2.0807 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2018 0 Td
(unintended)Tj
4.8586 0 Td
(consequence)Tj
5.3404 0 Td
(of)Tj
-35.4441 -1.3039 Td
(conservation)Tj
5.3631 0 Td
(actions,)Tj
3.2825 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(can)Tj
1.6214 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1508 0 Td
(understood)Tj
4.8189 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(disparate)Tj
3.8551 0 Td
(ways,)Tj
2.381 0 Td
(influenced)Tj
4.4447 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(social)Tj
2.4605 0 Td
(norms)Tj
-33.3295 -1.2983 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(life)Tj
1.4456 0 Td
(experiences)Tj
4.8643 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(2)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
1.6044 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(evaluation)Tj
4.3653 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(trade-offs)Tj
4.0649 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(important)Tj
4.2803 0 Td
(because)Tj
3.3221 0 Td
(it)Tj
0.7824 0 Td
(facilitates)Tj
3.9628 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(more)Tj
-34.7185 -1.2983 Td
(complete)Tj
3.8777 0 Td
(consideration)Tj
5.7033 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(impacts)Tj
3.3449 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(conservation)Tj
5.3631 0 Td
(initiatives,)Tj
4.3313 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(lack)Tj
1.8199 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(which)Tj
2.6532 0 Td
(can)Tj
1.6271 0 Td
(alien-)Tj
-34.7015 -1.3039 Td
(ate)Tj
1.3719 0 Td
(important)Tj
4.286 0 Td
(partners)Tj
3.5433 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(reduce)Tj
2.9196 0 Td
(support)Tj
3.3166 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3889 0 Td
(conservation)Tj
5.3631 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(4)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
-22.7223 -1.2982 Td
(International)Tj
5.4878 0 Td
(conservation)Tj
5.3631 0 Td
(policies,)Tj
3.4583 0 Td
(such)Tj
2.0636 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(Convention)Tj
4.9833 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(Biological)Tj
4.1669 0 Td
(Diversity,)Tj
4.0762 0 Td
(have)Tj
-34.5541 -1.2983 Td
(supported)Tj
4.2689 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(expansion)Tj
4.2917 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(global)Tj
2.6248 0 Td
(protected)Tj
4.0082 0 Td
(area)Tj
1.8822 0 Td
(network)Tj
3.5489 0 Td
(over)Tj
1.9786 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(last)Tj
1.5591 0 Td
(decade)Tj
2.982 0 Td
(\(e.g.,)Tj
2.126 0 Td
(Aichi)Tj
-34.6958 -1.3039 Td
(Biodiversity)Tj
5.0002 0 Td
(Targets)Tj
3.1805 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(5)Tj
0 g
(]\),)Tj
1.9445 0 Td
(including)Tj
4.0422 0 Td
(large)Tj
2.16 0 Td
(marine)Tj
3.0841 0 Td
(protected)Tj
4.0081 0 Td
(areas)Tj
2.2451 0 Td
(\(LMPAs\))Tj
3.9344 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(6)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
1.5988 0 Td
(Expectations)Tj
-31.1979 -1.2983 Td
(for)Tj
1.3832 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4741 0 Td
(social)Tj
2.4547 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(ecological)Tj
4.1669 0 Td
(performance)Tj
5.3461 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(these)Tj
2.2563 0 Td
(large)Tj
2.16 0 Td
(areas,)Tj
2.4661 0 Td
(some)Tj
2.3301 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(which)Tj
2.6532 0 Td
(exceed)Tj
2.9027 0 Td
(one)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(mil-)Tj
-35.053 -1.2982 Td
(lion)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(km)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.4999 0 0 6.6659 231.0236 503.8299 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0053 Tc
0 0 Td
(2)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 234.5952 499.4078 cm
BT
/F8 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(,)Tj
0.4478 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4457 0 Td
(immense.)Tj
4.1102 0 Td
(For)Tj
1.6271 0 Td
(example,)Tj
3.7757 0 Td
(they)Tj
1.9219 0 Td
(have)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(been)Tj
2.126 0 Td
(described)Tj
4.0535 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(our)Tj
2.0183 0 Td
(best)Tj
1.8084 0 Td
(hope)Tj
2.194 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.389 0 Td
(arresting)Tj
-33.4485 -1.2982 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(global)Tj
2.6248 0 Td
(decline)Tj
3.0784 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(marine)Tj
3.0841 0 Td
(biodiversity)Tj
5.3177 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(7)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
1.6044 0 Td
(It)Tj
0.8561 0 Td
(has)Tj
1.542 0 Td
(been)Tj
2.126 0 Td
(hypothesized)Tj
5.4652 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(LMPAs)Tj
3.2541 0 Td
(may)Tj
1.9276 0 Td
(be)Tj
-35.1663 -1.3039 Td
(able)Tj
1.8312 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(avoid)Tj
2.4093 0 Td
(livelihood)Tj
4.1896 0 Td
(trade-offs)Tj
4.0705 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(frequently)Tj
4.3086 0 Td
(occur)Tj
2.4718 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(smaller)Tj
3.1238 0 Td
(MPAs)Tj
2.7155 0 Td
(because)Tj
3.3165 0 Td
(they)Tj
1.9276 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4457 0 Td
(bet-)Tj
-35.6539 -1.2983 Td
(ter)Tj
1.3096 0 Td
(able)Tj
1.8312 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.026 0 Td
(accommodate)Tj
5.8393 0 Td
(resource)Tj
3.6284 0 Td
(use)Tj
1.5307 0 Td
(within)Tj
2.8119 0 Td
(their)Tj
2.109 0 Td
(boundaries)Tj
4.6941 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(thus)Tj
1.9332 0 Td
(have)Tj
2.058 0 Td
(less)Tj
1.61 0 Td
(impact)Tj
2.9821 0 Td
(on)Tj
-35.0983 -1.2983 Td
(communities,)Tj
5.7088 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(also)Tj
1.7688 0 Td
(have)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(greater)Tj
3.0104 0 Td
(ecological)Tj
4.1612 0 Td
(benefits)Tj
3.3335 0 Td
(including)Tj
4.0422 0 Td
(protecting)Tj
4.3427 0 Td
(wide-ranging)Tj
5.5729 0 Td
(spe-)Tj
-35.7276 -1.3039 Td
(cies)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(7)Tj
0 g
()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(10)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
3.067 0 Td
(However,)Tj
4.0762 0 Td
(there)Tj
2.2677 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8447 0 Td
(considerable)Tj
5.2611 0 Td
(debate)Tj
2.8346 0 Td
(concerning)Tj
4.7452 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(benefits)Tj
3.3335 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(LMPAs)Tj
3.2541 0 Td
(\(e.g.,)Tj
2.126 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(11)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
-35.994 -1.2982 Td
(12)Tj
0 g
(]\),)Tj
2.075 0 Td
(partially)Tj
3.4921 0 Td
(arising)Tj
2.931 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2054 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2018 0 Td
(absence)Tj
3.3449 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(systematic)Tj
4.3597 0 Td
(evaluations)Tj
4.7224 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(their)Tj
2.109 0 Td
(performance)Tj
5.3461 0 Td
(\(but)Tj
1.8935 0 Td
(see)Tj
-35.7105 -1.2983 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(13)Tj
0 g
(]\).)Tj
2.4151 0 Td
(Although)Tj
4.0024 0 Td
(insights)Tj
3.3165 0 Td
(regarding)Tj
4.0932 0 Td
(trade-offs)Tj
4.0705 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(smaller)Tj
3.1238 0 Td
(MPAs)Tj
2.7156 0 Td
(may)Tj
1.9275 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1509 0 Td
(informative,)Tj
5.125 0 Td
(LMPAs)Tj
-32.978 -1.3039 Td
(have)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(different)Tj
3.6566 0 Td
(management)Tj
5.4368 0 Td
(challenges)Tj
4.32 0 Td
(than)Tj
2.0239 0 Td
(smaller)Tj
3.1238 0 Td
(MPAs,)Tj
2.9423 0 Td
(including)Tj
4.0422 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(greater)Tj
3.0103 0 Td
(diversity)Tj
3.6454 0 Td
(of)Tj
-34.9112 -1.2983 Td
(habitats)Tj
3.3449 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(14)Tj
0 g
(],)Tj
2.0805 0 Td
(multiple)Tj
3.5659 0 Td
(agencies)Tj
3.566 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(overlapping)Tj
4.9719 0 Td
(statutory)Tj
3.7701 0 Td
(responsibilities)Tj
6.2135 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(jurisdictions,)Tj
5.4311 0 Td
(a)Tj
-36.6686 -1.2983 Td
(more)Tj
2.3414 0 Td
(diverse)Tj
3.05 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(often)Tj
2.2847 0 Td
(remote)Tj
3.0614 0 Td
(constituency,)Tj
5.5275 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(enforcement)Tj
5.2951 0 Td
(challenges)Tj
4.32 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(12)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.7405 0 Td
(15)Tj
0 g
()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(17)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
3.2031 0 Td
(There-)Tj
-34.2819 -1.2982 Td
(fore)Tj
1.8085 0 Td
(there)Tj
2.2619 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(need)Tj
2.143 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(evaluate)Tj
3.4639 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(occurrence)Tj
4.6658 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(trade-offs)Tj
4.0649 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(LMPAs)Tj
3.2541 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(identify)Tj
3.2938 0 Td
(opportunities)Tj
-32.0312 -1.3039 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(improve)Tj
3.5772 0 Td
(their)Tj
2.109 0 Td
(effectiveness)Tj
5.2044 0 Td
(across)Tj
2.6759 0 Td
(multiple)Tj
3.5659 0 Td
(outcomes.)Tj
-16.9623 -1.2983 Td
(Despite)Tj
3.2484 0 Td
(calls)Tj
1.9332 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(analysis)Tj
3.3278 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(trade-offs)Tj
4.0705 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(conservation)Tj
5.3631 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(2)Tj
0 g
(],)Tj
1.5987 0 Td
(empirical)Tj
3.9912 0 Td
(studies)Tj
2.9877 0 Td
(involving)Tj
-32.6208 -1.2983 Td
(multiple)Tj
3.5659 0 Td
(outcomes)Tj
4.0875 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4457 0 Td
(rare)Tj
1.8198 0 Td
(\(but)Tj
1.8935 0 Td
(see:)Tj
1.6554 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(13)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.7348 0 Td
(18)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
1.4003 0 Td
(19)Tj
0 g
(]\).)Tj
2.075 0 Td
(Trade-offs)Tj
4.3823 0 Td
(can)Tj
1.6271 0 Td
(occur)Tj
2.4718 0 Td
(within)Tj
2.8119 0 Td
(ecological)Tj
4.1613 0 Td
(or)Tj
-35.1323 -1.3039 Td
(social)Tj
2.4491 0 Td
(systems)Tj
3.2938 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0885 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.5206 0 Td
(them,)Tj
2.5114 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7178 0 Td
(can)Tj
1.6214 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1452 0 Td
(assessed)Tj
3.4639 0 Td
(through)Tj
3.4356 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6463 0 Td
(variety)Tj
2.9197 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0034 0 Td
(approaches,)Tj
4.955 0 Td
(including)Tj
-33.7717 -1.2982 Td
(theories)Tj
3.3959 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7347 0 Td
(models)Tj
3.1011 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(20)Tj
0 g
(],)Tj
2.0806 0 Td
(empirical)Tj
3.9855 0 Td
(evaluations)Tj
4.7225 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(specific)Tj
3.1917 0 Td
(types)Tj
2.2734 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(trade-offs)Tj
4.0705 0 Td
(\(e.g.,)Tj
2.126 0 Td
(temporal)Tj
-32.7115 -1.2983 Td
(trade-offs)Tj
4.0704 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(21)Tj
0 g
(]\))Tj
2.1884 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.5319 0 Td
(different)Tj
3.6567 0 Td
(beneficiaries)Tj
5.2214 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(22)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.0749 0 Td
(Mouchet)Tj
3.8211 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(colleagues)Tj
4.2746 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(23)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
1.8539 0 Td
(drew)Tj
-34.1572 -1.3039 Td
(upon)Tj
2.3187 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(trade-off)Tj
3.7077 0 Td
(frameworks)Tj
4.9776 0 Td
(used)Tj
2.0636 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(Millennium)Tj
5.0116 0 Td
(Ecosystem)Tj
4.4391 0 Td
(Assessment)Tj
4.8585 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(24)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
1.8539 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(the)Tj
-34.9282 -1.2983 Td
(Economics)Tj
4.643 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(Ecosystems)Tj
4.8019 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(Biodiversity)Tj
5.0003 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(25)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
1.8482 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(develop)Tj
3.3222 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(typology)Tj
3.6737 0 Td
(identifying)Tj
4.5751 0 Td
(three)Tj
2.262 0 Td
(general)Tj
-34.5483 -1.2983 Td
(types)Tj
2.2734 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(trade-offs)Tj
4.0704 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7745 0 Td
(emerge)Tj
3.1521 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(social-ecological)Tj
6.7521 0 Td
(systems.)Tj
3.5262 0 Td
(First,)Tj
2.2677 0 Td
(supply)Tj
2.846 0 Td
(trade-offs)Tj
4.0705 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4457 0 Td
(those)Tj
-34.2252 -1.3039 Td
(which)Tj
2.6475 0 Td
(involve)Tj
3.1237 0 Td
(two)Tj
1.7065 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0998 0 Td
(more)Tj
2.3414 0 Td
(ecological)Tj
4.1612 0 Td
(resources)Tj
3.9912 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0998 0 Td
(ecosystem)Tj
4.2916 0 Td
(services.)Tj
3.532 0 Td
(An)Tj
1.4513 0 Td
(example)Tj
3.549 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(rapid)Tj
-35.3137 -1.2982 Td
(change)Tj
3.0387 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(relative)Tj
3.1408 0 Td
(abundance)Tj
4.5921 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(groundfish)Tj
4.6147 0 Td
(\(i.e.)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(Atlantic)Tj
3.4186 0 Td
(Cod\))Tj
2.2563 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(invertebrates)Tj
5.4028 0 Td
(\(i.e.)Tj
1.7007 0 Td
(shrimp,)Tj
-33.6469 -1.2983 Td
(crab\))Tj
2.2961 0 Td
(along)Tj
2.4206 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(coast)Tj
2.245 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(Newfoundland)Tj
6.2192 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(Canada)Tj
3.2655 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(26)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.0749 0 Td
(Second,)Tj
3.3505 0 Td
(supply-demand)Tj
6.4743 0 Td
(trade-offs)Tj
4.0705 0 Td
(are)Tj
-35.9316 -1.2983 Td
(those)Tj
2.3357 0 Td
(involving)Tj
3.9798 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2018 0 Td
(ecological)Tj
4.1613 0 Td
(resource)Tj
3.6283 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0998 0 Td
(ecosystem)Tj
4.2917 0 Td
(service)Tj
2.948 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(well-being)Tj
4.3824 0 Td
(benefits)Tj
3.3392 0 Td
(they)Tj
-34.5654 -1.3039 Td
(provide)Tj
3.2882 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.026 0 Td
(communities)Tj
5.4822 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0998 0 Td
(stakeholders)Tj
5.1931 0 Td
(\(i.e.,)Tj
1.9275 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.5319 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(ecological)Tj
4.1612 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(social)Tj
2.4605 0 Td
(outcomes\).)Tj
-31.3679 -1.2983 Td
(Overfishing)Tj
4.9378 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(classic)Tj
2.7382 0 Td
(example)Tj
3.549 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(supply-demand)Tj
6.48 0 Td
(trade-off)Tj
3.7077 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(which)Tj
2.6532 0 Td
(livelihood)Tj
4.1953 0 Td
(benefits)Tj
3.3335 0 Td
(are)Tj
-35.7956 -1.2982 Td
(maintained)Tj
4.7848 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0998 0 Td
(enhanced)Tj
4.0762 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9524 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(expense)Tj
3.3789 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(resource)Tj
3.6283 0 Td
(conditions.)Tj
4.6998 0 Td
(Third,)Tj
2.7553 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(finally,)Tj
2.931 0 Td
(demand)Tj
-32.5244 -1.3039 Td
(trade-offs)Tj
4.0704 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4457 0 Td
(those)Tj
2.3357 0 Td
(involving)Tj
3.9798 0 Td
(social)Tj
2.4605 0 Td
(outcomes)Tj
4.0875 0 Td
(among)Tj
2.9934 0 Td
(different)Tj
3.6567 0 Td
(groups)Tj
2.9707 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(stakeholders.)Tj
5.4198 0 Td
(For)Tj
-34.435 -1.2983 Td
(instance,)Tj
3.7473 0 Td
(conservation)Tj
5.3631 0 Td
(initiatives)Tj
4.1102 0 Td
(may)Tj
1.9276 0 Td
(provide)Tj
3.2881 0 Td
(benefits)Tj
3.3392 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(recreational)Tj
4.972 0 Td
(fishers)Tj
2.8176 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0998 0 Td
(tourism)Tj
-32.0482 -1.2983 Td
(operators,)Tj
4.2348 0 Td
(but)Tj
1.5534 0 Td
(might)Tj
2.5965 0 Td
(displace)Tj
3.4186 0 Td
(fishers)Tj
2.8233 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7745 0 Td
(have)Tj
2.0636 0 Td
(traditionally)Tj
5.1193 0 Td
(relied)Tj
2.4775 0 Td
(upon)Tj
2.3244 0 Td
(those)Tj
2.3357 0 Td
(areas)Tj
2.245 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(their)Tj
-34.3499 -1.3039 Td
(livelihoods.)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
576 737.1 m
36 737.1 l
36 737.6 l
576 737.6 l
f*
36 741.2598 107.1496 23.6976 re
W* n
q
107.0929 0 0 23.6409 36 741.3165 cm
q
/I0 Do
Q
Q
Q
q
0 0 612 792 re
W* n
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 431.3196 745.7952 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(Trade-offs)Tj
4.7055 0 Td
(in)Tj
0.978 0 Td
(large)Tj
2.4023 0 Td
(marine)Tj
3.2174 0 Td
(protected)Tj
4.3229 0 Td
(areas)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
36 48.0002 m
576 48.0002 l
576 47.5002 l
36 47.5002 l
f*
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
81.5811 34.9228 m
237.8835 34.9228 l
h
f*
0 g
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 36 36 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(PLOS)Tj
2.8559 0 Td
(ONE)Tj
2.3669 0 Td
(|)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
0.4748 0 Td
(https://doi.or)Tj
5.4142 0 Td
(g/10.137)Tj
3.8198 0 Td
(1/journal.po)Tj
5.1236 0 Td
(ne.01957)Tj
4.089 0 Td
(60)Tj
0 g
2.0906 0 Td
(April)Tj
2.1827 0 Td
(18,)Tj
1.5874 0 Td
(2018)Tj
35.1357 0 Td
(2)Tj
0.7654 0 Td
(/)Tj
ET
endstream
endobj
43 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
44 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
45 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
46 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
47 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
48 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
49 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
50 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
51 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
52 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
53 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
54 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
55 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
56 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
57 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
58 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
59 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
60 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
61 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
62 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
63 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
64 0 obj
<>stream
BT
66.402 0 Td
(14)Tj
ET
Q
endstream
endobj
65 0 obj
<>/XObject<>>>/CropBox[0 0 612 792]/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 8 0 R/Annots 70 0 R/Contents 71 0 R/TrimBox[0 0 612 792]>>
endobj
68 0 obj
<>
endobj
72 0 obj
<>
endobj
73 0 obj
<>stream
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.0
11 dict begin
/FontName /TeX_CM_Maths_Italic def
/FontType 1 def
/FontBBox {-31 -239 1041 750} readonly def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontInfo 8 dict dup begin
/FullName (TeX_CM_Maths_Italic) readonly def
/BaseFontName (TeX_CM_Maths_Italic) def
end def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 0 /C0 put
dup 1 /C1 put
dup 2 /C2 put
dup 3 /C3 put
dup 4 /C4 put
dup 5 /C5 put
dup 6 /C6 put
dup 7 /C7 put
dup 8 /C8 put
dup 9 /C9 put
dup 10 /C10 put
dup 11 /C11 put
dup 12 /C12 put
dup 13 /C13 put
dup 14 /C14 put
dup 15 /C15 put
dup 16 /C16 put
dup 17 /C17 put
dup 18 /C18 put
dup 19 /C19 put
dup 20 /C20 put
dup 21 /C21 put
dup 22 /C22 put
dup 23 /C23 put
dup 24 /C24 put
dup 25 /C25 put
dup 26 /C26 put
dup 27 /C27 put
dup 28 /C28 put
dup 29 /C29 put
dup 30 /C30 put
dup 31 /C31 put
dup 32 /space put
dup 33 /exclam put
dup 34 /quotedbl put
dup 35 /numbersign put
dup 36 /dollar put
dup 37 /percent put
dup 38 /ampersand put
dup 39 /quoteright put
dup 40 /parenleft put
dup 41 /parenright put
dup 42 /asterisk put
dup 43 /plus put
dup 44 /comma put
dup 45 /hyphen put
dup 46 /period put
dup 47 /slash put
dup 48 /zero put
dup 49 /one put
dup 50 /two put
dup 51 /three put
dup 52 /four put
dup 53 /five put
dup 54 /six put
dup 55 /seven put
dup 56 /eight put
dup 57 /nine put
dup 58 /colon put
dup 59 /semicolon put
dup 60 /less put
dup 61 /equal put
dup 62 /greater put
dup 63 /question put
dup 64 /at put
dup 65 /A put
dup 66 /B put
dup 67 /C put
dup 68 /D put
dup 69 /E put
dup 70 /F put
dup 71 /G put
dup 72 /H put
dup 73 /I put
dup 74 /J put
dup 75 /K put
dup 76 /L put
dup 77 /M put
dup 78 /N put
dup 79 /O put
dup 80 /P put
dup 81 /Q put
dup 82 /R put
dup 83 /S put
dup 84 /T put
dup 85 /U put
dup 86 /V put
dup 87 /W put
dup 88 /X put
dup 89 /Y put
dup 90 /Z put
dup 91 /bracketleft put
dup 92 /backslash put
dup 93 /bracketright put
dup 94 /asciicircum put
dup 95 /underscore put
dup 96 /quoteleft put
dup 97 /a put
dup 98 /b put
dup 99 /c put
dup 100 /d put
dup 101 /e put
dup 102 /f put
dup 103 /g put
dup 104 /h put
dup 105 /i put
dup 106 /j put
dup 107 /k put
dup 108 /l put
dup 109 /m put
dup 110 /n put
dup 111 /o put
dup 112 /p put
dup 113 /q put
dup 114 /r put
dup 115 /s put
dup 116 /t put
dup 117 /u put
dup 118 /v put
dup 119 /w put
dup 120 /x put
dup 121 /y put
dup 122 /z put
dup 123 /braceleft put
dup 124 /bar put
dup 125 /braceright put
dup 126 /asciitilde put
dup 127 /Euro put
readonly def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
M#1H5 J6o\&rtS(#v\0\V7Fe༙OYx5-cY9^%Y6
(efIOldN"wȰ;)UƽoFg/rvV$JS8_oc@
o9-eGJp}[Do]mN=4*{ܯq=eU^t6¤.vA2*Sr 2@Y0}Rcx,TX|ZP
;o<[1?
T<=qo:-62/]8~i wX?wJ`lLkI@EjYׅq5ڧHtvc6i 0M]YUN;M]ť0]z[{s1uO[6be#9k~d/YpMA.=뤎P\|W#?W$iz81ZL
Ңri^?WP]X A.@
z[
75y6k .U*3}hA\t&HW!Q
=+Г A 5